belinda 2008-5-8 14:30
4号演讲者Mr.Gerhard Hartwig Buck-Sorlin
[align=left][align=left][size=16pt][font=Times New Roman][b]Mr. Gerhard Hartwig Buck-Sorlin([/b]格哈德 布克-绍林[b])[/b][/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][b][size=16pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][/b] [/align][/align][size=16pt][font=Times New Roman][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=3][b]国家：[/b][/size][/size][/font]
[size=10.5pt][size=3]德国(目前在荷兰[size=12pt]Wageningen大学[/size])[/size][/size]
[size=10.5pt][size=3][/size][/size]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=3][b]简短介绍：[/b][/size][/size][/font]
[size=10.5pt]植物形态学、生态学、植物细胞遗传学等方面的著名博士、博士后。[/size]
[size=10.5pt]在玫瑰生态生理学上有深厚的研究。[/size]
[size=10.5pt]目前在荷兰[size=12pt]Wageningen[font=宋体][size=12pt]瓦赫宁根大学任高级科学家和讲师[/size][/font][/size][/size]
[size=10.5pt][size=12pt][font=宋体][size=12pt]曾担任德国多家院校高级科学家和客座教授[/size][/font][/size][/size]
[size=10.5pt][size=12pt][font=宋体][size=12pt]2006年开始，受浙江大学邀请，担任浙江大学客座教授[/size][/font][/size][/size]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=3][b]讲课题目[/b][/size][/size][/font]
[size=3]暂时拟订为“如何通过科学技术调空玫瑰的生长[size=10.5pt]”[/size][/size]
[/font][/size]
belinda 2008-5-8 14:46
[size=10pt][font=Times New Roman][size=3][align=center][b][font=宋体][size=16pt]简[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=16pt]历[/size][/font][/b][b][size=16pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][b][size=16pt]Gerhard Hartwig Buck-Sorlin[/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]Treubstraat 1,[/size][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]NL-6702 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]荷兰瓦赫宁根大学[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]Tel (0031) 317 486975[/size][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]gerhard.buck-sorlin@wur.nl[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][i][size=12pt]PROFILE[/size][/i][/b][b][i][font=宋体][size=12pt]（简介）[/size][/font][/i][/b][b][i][size=12pt]:[/size][/i][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]A biologist by formation, working as a Senior Scientist and lecturer in crop modelling with an extensive range of experience in plant morphology, ecology, ecophysiology, genetics, bioinformatics and computer graphics. Highly self-motivated, able to work on own initiative and as part of a team. Multilingual, with international renown in research. Proven skills in leadership, organisation and problem solving. Dedicated to maintaining high standards of research.[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]结构生物学家，作物模型领域高级科学家和授课人（有些科学家不授课只搞研究）。在植物形态学、生态学、遗传学和生物信息学以及计算机制图上有丰富的经验。[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]有极强的进取精神，具有创新意识和团队意识。[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]通晓多国语言，具有公认的领导能力、组织能力和解决问题能力。专注于高标准的研究。[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt][/size][/align]
[align=left][b][i][size=12pt]RESEARCH INTERESTS[/size][/i][/b][b][i][font=宋体][size=12pt]（研究兴趣）[/size][/font][/i][/b][b][size=12pt]:[/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]Biological modelling, formal representation of biological processes with L-systems and[/size][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]extended formalisms, computer graphics, plant morphology and morphogenesis, barley, rice and Arabidopsis genetics, ecophysiology of cut-rose, gene mapping, QTL analysis[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]生物模型；采用[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]L[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]系统和扩展形式的生物进程的[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]形式表示法[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]；计算机制图；植物形态学和[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]形态发生学[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]；大麦；大米；[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]拟南芥属植物[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]遗传学，切花玫瑰的生态生理学；[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]基因定位[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]；[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]QTL[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]分析。[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt][/size][/align]
[align=left][b][i][size=12pt]DUTIES IN PRESENT POST[/size][/i][/b][b][i][font=宋体][size=12pt]（目前岗位职责）[/size][/font][/i][/b][b][i][size=12pt]:[/size][/i][/b][b][i][size=12pt][/size][/i][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]Since 2007: [b]Senior Scientist at Wageningen UR, [/b]Dept. Crop and Weed Ecology. Duties:[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][size=12pt]2007[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]年开始在荷兰瓦赫宁根大学，作物和[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]野草生态研究[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Establishment of a Functional-Structural Plant Model for cut rose grown in glasshouses using extended L-systems and the interactive modelling tool GroIMP.[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]采用扩展[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]L[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]系统和交互模型工具[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]GroIMP[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]为生长在温室内的切花玫瑰建立功能结构植物模型[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Supervision of Ph.D. student and technician to carry out experiments for the cut-rose[/size][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]model.[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]监督博士生和技术员实施切花玫瑰模型实验[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Further conceptual development of the extended L-system language XL, together with the work group at the Brandenburg Technical University in Cottbus/Germany.[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]与德国科特布斯市勃兰登堡技术大学工作组一起开展对扩展[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]L[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]系统语言的近一步开发和完善[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Member of scientific committees and reviewer work for international journals (see[/size][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]below).[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]国际杂志（具体杂志名称见下面）的科学委员会成员和审阅工作[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][b][i][size=12pt]PREVIOUS POSTS[/size][/i][/b][b][i][font=宋体][size=12pt]（先前所从事过的工作）[/size][/font][/i][/b][b][i][size=12pt]:[/size][/i][/b][b][i][size=12pt][/size][/i][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]Since 2006: [b]Guest Professor at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China[/b], 985 Institute of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Bioinformatics. Duties:[/size][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Lecture and Course on Functional-Structural Plant Modelling using the modelling tool GroIMP and the languages XL and Java.[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][size=12pt]2006[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]年开始，浙江大学农业生物和环境保护学院客座教授。主要研究领域：[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]为博士生讲授采用模型工具[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]GroIMP[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]和[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]XL[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]和[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]JAVA[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]语言建立功能结构植物模型的方法[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Exploring opportunities for collaboration in the interdisciplinary field of Crop Systems Biology/FSPM, especially with regards to computergraphical simulation models of rice and oilseed rape (combining aspects of genetics and ecophysiology).[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]探索作物系统，生物学[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]/FSPM[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]，特别是与计算机制图相关的水稻和油菜模拟模型（结合遗传学和[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]环境生理学特征[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体]）[/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]的跨学科研究的机会[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt]2002 – 2007: [b]Senior Scientist and guest lecturer at the Brandenburg Technical[/b][/size][/align]
[align=left][b][size=12pt]University Cottbus[/size][/b][size=12pt], Chair for Practical Computer Science / Graphics Systems, with guest status at the IPK, Dept. Cytogenetics, Transcriptome Analysis. Duties (amongst others):[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][size=12pt]2002[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]年[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]-2007[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]年，德国科特布斯市勃兰登堡技术大学[b]高级科学家和客座教授，应用计算机科学[/b][/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]/[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]制图系统主席，以及德国遗传学和栽培作物研究所[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]细胞遗传学系[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]客座教授[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Establishment and coordination of the interdisciplinary national research group "Virtual Crops", funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Council) from 2002 to 2005.[/size][/align]
[align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]跨学科国家研究组“[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]Virtual[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]作物”的建立和协调，该研究组于[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]2002[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]年到[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt]2005[/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]年获得德国研究协会的资助[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align]
[align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt]Conception and development of a new formalism and modelling language for biological models (based on, and written in, Java).[/size][/align]
[align=left][size=12pt][/size][/align]
[/size][/font][/size]
[[i] 本帖最后由 belinda 于 2008-5-8 14:48 编辑 [/i]]
belinda 2008-5-8 14:47
[align=left][align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]一种生物模型新形式和模型语言的构思和研发（基于[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]JAVA[/font][/size][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]语言）[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Advancement of parametric crop models (barley, poplar) in cooperation with the[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]departments Molecular Physiology and Genebank of IPK (incorporation of physiological[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]information and virtual breeding).[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]与[b]德国遗传学和栽培作物研究所基因库和分子植物生理学组合作推进[/b]参数作物模型（大麦，[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]欧洲山杨[/size][/font][/b][b][font=宋体]）[/font][/b][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]（结合植物生理信息和白杨育种）[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Presentation of results at several Plant (Crop) Modelling, Mathematical Biology and[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Systems Biology workshops and conferences.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Member of Scientific Commitees concerning Structural Functional Plant Modelling[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman](e.g., PMA '06 in Beijing) and referee for several peer-reviewed journals (e.g., [i]Annals of[/i][/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][i][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Botany, New Phytologist, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Ecological Modelling, Trees –[/font][/size][/i][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Times New Roman][i][size=12pt]Structure and Function, Tree Physiology, Agronomie[/size][/i][size=12pt]) as well as for the Dutch Technology Foundation (grant applications).[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Teaching: Bioinformatics and biological modelling/systems biology. Lecturer in[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Bioinformatics at the University of Applied Sciences (Polytechnic) at Emden and at the[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Times New Roman][size=12pt]University of Göttingen[/size][size=12pt], Germany[/size][size=12pt]; supervision and marking of Bachelor's and Master's[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]students. Topics of Undergraduate projects include: a Microarray database for barley gene expression, a Morphological/physiological model of rapeseed based on parametric Lsystems, a Java-applet for virtual breeding of biomorphs, an interactive software tool for[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]determination of biometrics of biological objects (e.g., seeds) from digital images, a 3Dvisualisation and animation tool for host-pathogen interaction (example: barley – mildew), a Cellular-Automaton-Model of a fish population (Smalltalk-based modelling platform Mobidyc), and the "Game of Life".[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]1997 – 2002: [b]Postdoctoral Scientist at the Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant[/b][/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Research[/size][/b][size=12pt]. Duties and tasks carried out:[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]植物遗传学和栽培作物研究所博士后[/size][/font][/b][b][size=12pt][/size][/b][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Implementation of a computergraphical simulation model of barley using morphological and genetic data. The model is based on parametric Lindenmayer-systems.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Biometric, morphological, genetic, and agronomic investigations on barley cultivars and mutants. Extensive field and greenhouse trials.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Participation in several computer modelling workshops and conferences, which involved giving presentations, seminars, and preparation of posters.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Tutoring activities within the frame of a Plant Genetic Resources Management student exchange programme (The German Foundation for Development in Third World[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Countries, DSE).[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Wingdings][size=12pt]_ [/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Member of the Institute's IT panel, which consists in decision-making about hard- and software acquisition as well as LAN and internet issues.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]1997: Preparation and execution of [b]seminars in Information Technology [/b](Introduction to searching medical/clinical databases in the WWW) for the [i]National Health Service Trusts [/i]of
Clwyd and Powys (Wales).[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]1995, 1997: [b]Translation [/b]of several scientific articles (German – English) for the[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Agroforestry and the Zoology Depts., University of Wales, Bangor.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]1995: [b]Contract with the Agroforestry Dept., University of Wales, Bangor[/b]: Modelling of the crown structure of young sycamore maples in agroforestry cultures.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]1995: [b]Contract with the Dept. of Forest Biometry, University Göttingen[/b]: Devising a[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]structural growth model of [i]Quercus petraea/Q.robur[/i], based on L-Systems. Results presented in June 1995 at the 3rd Workshop for Individual-based models and Structure-Function-Models in Bremen, Germany.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]1993 – 1997: [b]Scientific Assistant ("Demonstrator") [/b]in Botany-, Zoology and IT courses (WordPerfect 5.0/6.0/6.1/7.0, QuattroPro 5.0/6.0/6.1/7.0 Spreadsheet, Paradox 5.0 Database, Internet (Netscape, Mosaic, ftp), PINE e-mail, etc.).[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]QUALIFICATIONS / EDUCATION:[/font][/size][/b][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]Ph.D., Biological Sciences. [/size][/b][size=12pt]School[/size][size=12pt] of Biological Sciences, University of Wales at Bangor, GB. Supervisor: Dr. Adrian Bell, F.L.S. Thesis: [b]Crown architecture and modelling of Oak ([i]Quercus robur [/i]L., [i]Q.petraea [/i](Matt.) Liebl.) and Sycamore ([i]Acer pseudo-platanus [/i]L.)[/b].[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]1993 – 1997 [b]Dipl.-Biol., Biological Sciences[/b]. Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Thesis: [b]Investigation of the morphology, distribution and population ecology of [i]Cirsium dissectum [/i](L.) Hill [/b](in German). 1985-1991.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][b][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]PERSONAL DETAILS:[/font][/size][/b][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Date of Birth: 3rd September 1965.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Marital Status: Married.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]Driving Licence: German, clean.[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=Times New Roman][b][size=12pt]INTERESTS / HOBBIES: [/size][/b][size=12pt]Reading[/size][size=12pt], vegetarian food, phytotherapy, music, nature, football,[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]cycling, walking.[/font][/size][size=10pt][/size][/align][/align]
Jinyong 2008-8-24 01:32
Mr. Gerhard Hartwig Buck-Sorlin(格哈德 布克-绍林)的讲稿
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Mr. Gerhard Hartwig Buck-Sorlin([/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]格哈德 布克-绍林)的讲稿已经出炉，由景晶翻译，各位如有任何意见和建议请跟帖！[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Virtual rose: Simulating rose architecture to optimize flower production in glasshouse production systems[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Gerhard Buck-Sorlin[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]In industrial flower production under glass – the prevalent method to produce cut flowers, particularly in the Netherlands – many factors affect the number and quality of flowers. Some of you will think that I am mainly referring to greenhouse climate when I am saying this. Of course, you are also right. But another factor – perhaps an equally important one – is the manipulation strategy exercised by the grower: This means the constant or regular interaction with the growing crop, which is difficult to predict in time (when?) and space (where?). Generally, plant management in cut-rose production involves a lot of interaction with plant structure during development: And by this I mean the bending of the primary shoot, harvest of the cut flower, and pruning, i.e. the removal of shoots that are not productive anymore, in order to enhance productivity. [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Changes in plant architecture by management practises are often opportunistic and motivated by grower’s personal experience or led by socio-economical motives (expected profit at flower auction, costs of seasonal labour). Thus, for the scientist, these practices are not easy to specify, let alone, quantify, in a model. Growers mostly follow their own, subjective approach, which is hard to standardize. [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Many researchers have come up with dedicated decision-support models to predict cut-flower production. This is one possibility to solve the problems sketched above. But it lacks the visual aspect, i.e. the outcome of the model is numbers or fresh weight of flowers, not a plastic pretty picture or animation which latter would be more intuitive as well as instructive. An alternative solution is therefore a Functional-Structural Rose Model (Virtual Rose): such a model is supposed to integrate the effects of management and glasshouse environment on plant structure and physiology, and display it graphically realistically in 3D or 4D.[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Since spring 2007, I am in charge of creating such a Virtual Rose model in the frame of a research project mainly funded by the Dutch STW, a foundation which finances general research with a strong application aspect. This research is supported and co-funded to some extent by the Dutch Horticultural Production Board (PT), which represents the Dutch flower growers. Before we look at some visual output of the current model (I won’t have the time today to explain to you HOW the model works), I am going to give you a short insight into how a typical cut-rose glasshouse is set up: It starts with obtaining young rose plants with a primary shoot from a nursery. These plants are placed in rockwool slabs into automatically irrigated gutters. Usually we use double-rows with a spacing between those double-rows of a about a metre to allow passing through with a harvest waggon. After some weeks, the flower bud of the primary shoot is removed and the entire primary shoot bent down horizontally. This is done to induce a layer of leaves, which is supposed to increase leaf area, light interception and thus source strength to improve productivity. Bending of shoots can also be done later, but growers differ in their bending strategy: while some bend all shoots that are beyond a certain distance from the base of the shoot, others just bend unproductive shoots. In any case, the aim of this exercise is to enhance the outgrowth (or “breaking”) of basal buds, i.e. those buds that have been at the base of the primary shoot and that would normally be suppressed. These basal buds form the actual crop. Thirty to fourty days after bending, depending on the season and thus temperature regime, the flower crop is ready and can be harvested. Usually, harvest is not done in one flush but the harvest period stretches over some time (not all shoots are harvest-ripe at the same time). This is referred to as continuous harvest. Once a shoot is harvested, usually the highest bud of the stump will grow out to form the next flower crop. In this way, harvest of flowers can be done continuously and during most of the year, although some growers also introduce a rest period in winter during which the plants are pruned and no flowers are harvested. After repeated harvests, the remaining stump builds up and the flower crop is harvested higher and higher. A Dutch rose grower usually keeps such a system for up to seven years, after which productivity decreases. [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Let me talk a little bit about greenhouse climate. Everybody knows that the climate in a greenhouse is much different from the one outside. Therefore, in order to create a virtual rose model, we need to predict greenhouse climate, mainly light and temperature. Whilst the knowledge of light is essential to predict photosynthetic performance of rose, that of temperature will enable us to predict extension growth of organs. Climate measurements can be obtained from a weather station. Some models also predict certain parameters such as radiation, as a function of longitude, latitude and altitude, but in any case such general measurements need to be transformed into the situation in the greenhouse. For instance, global radiation needs to be transformed into instantaneous Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in the greenhouse. This transformation involves coefficients accounting for transmissivity of the greenhouse glass walls, the transmissivity of shading screens and the contribution of assimilation lights, which latter are switched on when the natural light is below a certain threshold level. Or else, respectively as a comparison to the model output, we can measure PAR directly in the greenhouse, using a rod sensor. Other parameters, such as temperature or the concentration of CO2 are also best measured in situ, and at short intervals, say every ten minutes, and then used directly as model input.[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]In the following, you will see some preliminary output of the virtual rose model. The first set of pictures shows the simulation of a primary shoot and its real counterpart: As you can see, the morphological detail goes down to the level of the leaflet, and the way of light beams in the greenhouse is also considered as we intend to simulate light with high resolution to make better predictions of local photosynthesis (i.e. at leaflet level). The next slide shows the submodel “flower”, which is not really essential but has been designed to be realistic in order to illustrate cultivar differences and to increase the educational factor of the model (at a later stage, this model is supposed to serve as a tool for growers and workers to simulate the effects of harvest and pruning). In the next slide, an animation, you can see that the entire model is trying to capture also the dynamics of growth in some detail: A faithful prediction of growth dynamics is the key to explaining source-sink dynamics and ultimately a more reliable prediction of cut-flower production per area per unit time.[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Plenty of challenges remain, as the project has just begun: Most importantly, the software environment we are using needs to be fully exploited with respect to user interaction and global context sensitivity. Furthermore, different submodels covering the aspects of growth and development of rose, need to be coupled with each other and then recalibrated. This produces further challenges related to increased model complexity. [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]Let me finish my talk by giving you an insight into a virtual greenhouse, which I have created using the modelling environment GroIMP (available free of charge at [url]www.grogra.de[/url]): The geometric objects you see are simulated at the same time as the young rose plants. Lighting is simulated using 24 equally spaced orange area lights (20 x 30 cm), imitating assimilation lamps. Additionally, a light source imitating the sky has been placed outside the virtual greenhouse. Since the walls of the virtual greenhouse are partially transparent, the light of this external light source partially penetrates into the greenhouse, which can be seen from the shading pattern on the floor and the rose plants. The rose plants form a bent shoot and a single rose as crop. The last picture shows a flowering shoot. All pictures have been rendered using a model which simulates the path of light from the light source to different objects in the scene (plants, floor, walls, …). [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]To sum up: Three main types of models are envisaged as potential outcome of the project: Firstly, a decision-support tool for users, which serves to predict shoot quality and quantity in a specific glasshouse setting; secondly, an extensible platform for research on rose growth, which at the same time could be used as a tool for improved experimental design ("virtual lab"); and thirdly, an interactive visual instruction tool for workers, simulating the effect of direct manipulative interaction (cutting, bud removal, pruning).[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]虚拟玫瑰：模拟玫瑰形态建成的一类完善玫瑰温室生产的系统。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]植物科学组：荷兰瓦赫宁根大学及研究中心。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]温室花卉产业生产——一般的方法是生产切花，特别是在荷兰——许多因素影响花卉的数量和质量。听到我这么说，大家想我主要谈论的是温室气候。当然，这样认为也是正确的。但是另一个因素——可能是另一个同样重要的因素——种植者的处理策略：这意味着不知在何时何地不断地或者有规律的影响作物生长。一般来说，切花生产的产业管理涉及到很多植株生长期间植物构造的影响。这些影响有：初生茎的弯曲，切花的收获，以及修剪等等。修剪枝条并不有助于当前的生产，但却能提高产量。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]
[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]通过管理实践来改变植物形态建成经常是一种投机主义，种植者的个人经验或者社会经济（花卉拍卖的预期利润，季节性劳动力的花费）会增加这个概率。然而，对于科学家来说，这种实践难以单独的用数据或者模型来明确说明。种植者总是遵循自己主观的方法，无法标准化。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]
[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]许多研究者提出支持确定模型来预计切花的产量。这只是解决上述问题的一个可能性。但是缺少视觉外观等，结果只能建立切花数量或鲜重的模型，而不是塑料的漂亮图片，也不直观鲜明，以后的可能会更直观和更有益。可选择的方案是建立一个具有功能——结构的玫瑰模型（虚拟玫瑰）：这样的一个模型将管理和温室环境对植物形态建成和植物生理的影响形成一个整体，并且用3D或4D的图表直接显示出来。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]
[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]自2007年春开始，我负责为荷兰STW的一项研究工程建立这样一个虚拟玫瑰模型的框架，以一般财政为基础研究强健外观的形成。这项研究在一定程度上受荷兰园艺生产组（PT）的支持，代表着荷兰的花卉种植者。在观看当前模型的外在表现之前（我今天没有时间向大家解释这个模型是如何工作的），我先想大家展示一下典型的切花玫瑰温室是如何建立的：取苗圃中培养的已有初生茎的玫瑰幼苗为起点。将这些幼苗置于具有自动灌溉沟渠的石棉板上。通常，我们使用两行灌溉沟渠，在这两行之间，允许一辆一米的收割小车通过。几个星期之后，取出初生茎上的花芽，并使全部的初生茎水平弯曲。这样可以诱导形成一层叶，可以促进叶面积的增加，便于吸收光照使植株健壮和增加产量。弯曲枝条也可在以后进行，生产者对弯曲枝条有不同的策略：有的在初生茎的一定距离内弯曲所有的枝条，有的则弯曲没有产量的枝条。不管用哪种方法，目的都是增强（或打破）基生花芽的发展。这些花芽在初生茎上，通常都是被抑制的。这些基生花芽来自现实的植物。弯曲枝条30-40天后，由于季节和温度体制，可以收割切花。通常，收割不是一次完成，收割期延长至一定时间（并不是所有的枝条都同时成熟收获）。这涉及到连续收割。一旦枝条被收割，被切断的枝条上的顶芽会继续生长形成新的花枝。这样，花枝可以不断收割直至多年后，虽然有些种植者介绍冬天这些枝条进入休眠期且不经过修剪的植株没有花可以收割。不断收割后，被修剪枝条的剩余部分不断成长，花枝收割也越来越多。荷兰种植者保持这样的系统直至7年，之后开始减产。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]再来说下温室的气候。总所周知，温室气候与外界截然不同。因此，为创造一个虚拟玫瑰模型，需要预知温室气候，主要是光照和温度。光照是玫瑰进行光合作用的必要因素，而温度有助于我们推测器官的生长。气候测量可以通过气象站来观察。有些模型还预报特定的参数例如辐射，经度、纬度和海拔的功能，但是不论哪种因素都需要被转化为温室中的条件。例如，全球辐射需要被转化为温室中的瞬时光合作用动员辐射（PAR），这些转化包括了温室中玻璃墙透射比的系数总合，阴影屏幕的透射比以及同化光的贡献值，之后将其转化为自然光下的特定极限水平。不然，分别比较各个模型输出数据，使用一种棒状感应器直接测量PAR。其他参数，例如温度和CO2的参数，也可在原地测量，并且在一小段间隔，大概每隔10分钟，就可以直接作为模型输入数据使用。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]接下来，大家可以看到虚拟玫瑰模型的基本输出信息。第一张图片显示的是初生茎的模拟以及它的真正形状：正如所看到的，形态细节在小叶水平变化，而且温室中的光线也被考虑进去，我们打算用模拟光来高度有效的预知当地的光合作用（在小叶水平）。接下来的幻灯片显示的是子模型“花”，这并不是必需的，但是事实上，需要设计出来作为营养栽培的不同图片说明，并且增加模型的教育因素（以后，这个模型是作为种植者的一种工具，模拟收割和修剪的影响）。再下一张幻灯片，是动态图，可以看到整个模型，以及动力生长的一些细节：如实的预报了动力生长是解释资源库动力的关键，最后更实际的预报了每单位时间，每个区域内的切花产量。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]这项工程仅仅只是起步，还存在许多的挑战：最重要的，我们还需要完全开发使用者相互影响和全球上下反制的软件环境。此外，不同的模型覆盖玫瑰的生长和发展，需要将两者联合起来然后进行重校。这产生了增加模型复杂度的新挑战。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]
[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]我用虚拟温室来结束我的演讲，我建立的模型环境GroIMP（可在www.grogua.de上免费使用）：大家看到的几何模型是模拟同样时间下的玫瑰苗。24个相同空间隔开的桔黄色区域灯（20cm*30cm）代表光照，模拟光的同化作用。另外，光源代表虚拟温室外的天空。虚拟温室的墙认为是半透明的，外界的光可以部分穿透温室，可以在地上的阴影部分和玫瑰植株上看到。弯曲枝条上的玫瑰枝和单朵玫瑰。最后一张图片显示的是正在开花的枝条。在大屏幕上的所有图片说明了使用模型模拟光路进入的不同情况（植株，地板，墙……）。[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=10.5pt]
[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]总而言之，模型的3个主要类型模拟了这项工程潜在的结果：首先，作为使用者的决定支持工具，在特殊温室设置下预报枝条的数量和质量；其次，是一个研究玫瑰生长的可扩充的平台，同时也可作为提高实验设计的工具（“虚拟实验室”）；再次，工人的交互可视化指令工具，模拟交互处理的影响（切割，除芽，修剪）。[/size][/font]
